In a broad sense, materials that react in some way to magnetic fields are called magnetic materials.

　　It includes hard magnetic materials, soft magnetic materials, semi-hard magnetic materials, magnetostrictive materials, magneto-optical materials, magnetic bubble materials and magnetic refrigeration materials, etc., the amount of.. The big ones are hard magnetic materials and soft magnetic materials.

　　Magnetic materials are generally divided into hard magnetic materials and soft magnetic materials according to their magnetization difficulty. The difference between the two mainly lies in:

　　Hard magnetic materials, also known as permanent magnet materials and constant magnetic materials, are materials with wide hysteresis loops, high coercivity and high remanence, which can maintain constant magnetism once magnetized. The commonly used hard magnetic materials are divided into Al-nickel-cobalt permanent magnet alloy, fe-chrome-cobalt permanent magnet alloy, permanent magnet ferrite, rare earth permanent magnet material and composite permanent magnet material.

　　Soft magnetic materials are magnetic materials with low coercivity and high permeability. Soft magnetic materials are easy to magnetize, but also easy to demagnetize, widely used in electrical equipment and electronic equipment. Application of.. Many soft magnetic materials are ferrosilicon alloy (silicon steel sheet) and a variety of soft magnetic ferrites.

　　The main applications of hard magnetic materials are:

　　① The main applications based on the principle of electromagnetic force are: loudspeaker, microphone, meter, button, motor, relay, sensor, switch and so on.

　　② The main applications based on the principle of magnetoelectric action are: magnetron and traveling wave tube and other microwave electronic tubes, picture tubes, titanium pumps, microwave ferrite devices, reluctance devices, Hall devices, etc.

　　③ The main applications based on the principle of magnetic force are: magnetic bearings, separators, magnetic separators, magnetic suckers, magnetic seals, magnetic blackboards, toys, signs, combination locks, photocopiers, temperature control meters, etc. Other applications are: magnetic therapy, magnetized water, magnetic anesthesia and so on.

　　The main applications of soft magnetic materials are:

　　Mainly used in magnetic antenna, inductor, transformer, magnetic head, earphone, relay, vibrator, TV deflection yoke, cable, delay line, sensor, microwave absorption materials, electromagnet, accelerator high frequency acceleration cavity, magnetic field probe, magnetic substrate, magnetic shielding, high frequency quenching energy, electromagnetic suction, magnetic sensitive components (such as magnetic thermal materials as switches).

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